solarlife-mppt-ble-client/src/protocol.py

from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
import struct
from typing import List, Dict, Callable, Any

from .crc import crc16

type Value = str|int|float


class FunctionCodes(Enum):
    # Read
    READ_STATUS_REGISTER  = 0x02 # Read the switch input status
    READ_PARAMETER        = 0x03 # Read multiple hold registers
    READ_MEMORY           = 0x04 # Read input register
    # Write
    WRITE_STATUS_REGISTER = 0x05 # Write single register
    WRITE_MEMORY_SINGLE   = 0x06 # Write single hold register
    WRITE_MEMORY_RANGE    = 0x10 # Write multiple hold registers

@dataclass
class Variable():
    address: int
    is_32_bit: bool
    is_signed: bool
    function_codes: List[int]
    unit: str
    multiplier: int
    name: str
    friendly_name: str
    func: Callable[int, str]

class LumiaxClient:
    def _get_functional_status_registers(self, function_codes: list[int], offset: int):
        return [
            # Controller functional status 1
            Variable(offset, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "maximum_system_voltage_level", "Maximum system voltage level",
                lambda x: ["", "12V", "24V", "36V", "48V"][(x >> 12) & 0xF]),
            Variable(offset, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "minimum_system_voltage_level", "Minimum system voltage level",
                lambda x: ["", "12V", "24V", "36V", "48V"][(x >>  8) & 0xF]),
            Variable(offset, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "controller_series", "Controller Series",
                lambda x: ["MT series", "DC series", "SMR series"][(x >>  4) & 0xF]),
            Variable(offset, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "battery_type", "Battery type",
                lambda x: ["Lithium battery", "Non Lithium battery"][(x >>  0) & 0xF]),

            # Controller functional status 2
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "infrared_function_available", "Is infrared function available",
                lambda x: (x >> 15) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "automatic_power_reduction_available", "Is automatic power reduction setting available(only in 365 mode)",
                lambda x: (x >> 14) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "charging_at_zero_celsius_available", "Is 0°C prohibit charging setting available",
                lambda x: (x >> 13) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "grade_of_rated_voltage_available", "Is grade of rated voltage setting available",
                lambda x: (x >> 12) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "overcharge_recovery_voltage_available", "Is overcharge recovery voltage setting available (only lithium battery)",
                lambda x: (x >> 11) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "overcharge_protection_available", "Is overcharge protection setting available (only lithium battery)",
                lambda x: (x >> 10) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "floating_charge_voltage_available", "Is floating charge voltage setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  9) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "equilibrium_charge_voltage_available", "Is equilibrium charge voltage setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  8) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "strong_charging_voltage_available", "Is strong charging voltage setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  7) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "low_voltage_recovery_voltage_available", "Is low voltage recovery setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  6) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "low_voltage_protection_voltage_available", "Is low voltage protection setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  5) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "battery_type_available", "Is Battery Type setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  4) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "backlight_time_available", "Is Backlight Time setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  3) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "device_time_available", "Is Device Time setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  2) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "device_id_available", "Is Device ID setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  1) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "device_password_available", "Is Device password setting available",
                lambda x: (x >>  0) & 1 == 1),

            # Controller functional status 3
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "six_time_frame_mode_available", "Is Six Time Frame Mode available",
                lambda x: (x >> 7) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "five_time_frame_mode_available", "Is Five Time Frame Mode available",
                lambda x: (x >> 6) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "timing_control_mode_available", "Is Timing Control available",
                lambda x: (x >> 5) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "t0t_mode_available", "Is T0T Mode available",
                lambda x: (x >> 4) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "fixed_duration_mode_available", "Is Fixed Light Up Duration Mode available",
                lambda x: (x >> 3) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "d2d_mode_available", "Is D2D Mode available",
                lambda x: (x >> 2) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "24h_mode_available", "Is 24H Mode available",
                lambda x: (x >> 1) & 1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "manual_operation_mode_available", "Is Manual Operation Mode available",
                lambda x: (x >> 0) & 1 == 1),

            # Controller functional status 4 (reserved)
            # Variable(offset + 3, False, False, function_codes, "", 0, "controller_functional_status_4", "Controller functional status 4", None),
        ]

    def _get_status_registers(self, offset: int):
        return [
            # Battery status
            Variable(offset, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "battery_temperature_protection_status", "Battery temperature protection status",
                lambda x: ["Normal", "High temperature protection"][(x >> 4) & 0x1]),
            Variable(offset, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "battery_voltage_protection_status", "Battery voltage protection status",
                lambda x: ["Normal", "Over voltage protection", "Voltage is low", "Low voltage protection"][(x >> 0) & 0xF]),

            # Charge status
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "solar_panel_charge_disabled", "Is charging manually disabled", 
                lambda x: (x >> 6) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "solar_panel_is_night", "Is solar panel night", 
                lambda x: (x >> 5) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "solar_panel_charge_over_temperature", "Is charge over temperature", 
                lambda x: (x >> 4) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "solar_panel_charge_state", "Solar panel charge status", 
                lambda x: ["Not charging", "Float charge", "Boost charge", "Equal charge"][(x >> 2) & 0x3]),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "solar_panel_charge_state", "Is charge fault", 
                lambda x: (x >> 1) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 1, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "solar_panel_is_charging", "Solar panel is charging", 
                lambda x: (x >> 0) & 0x1 == 1),

            # Discharge status
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "load_state", "Load status",
                lambda x: ["Light load", "Moderate load", "Rated load", "Overload"][(x >> 12) & 0x3]),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "output_short_circuit", "Is output short circuit", 
                lambda x: (x >> 11) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "output_hardware_protection", "Is output hardware protection", 
                lambda x: (x >>  4) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "output_open_circuit_protection", "Is output open circuit protection", 
                lambda x: (x >>  3) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "output_over_temperature", "Is output over temperature", 
                lambda x: (x >>  2) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "output_fault", "Is output fault", 
                lambda x: (x >> 1) & 0x1 == 1),
            Variable(offset + 2, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "load_is_enabled", "Is load enabled", 
                lambda x: (x >> 0) & 0x1 == 1),
        ]
    
    def __init__(self):
        # List of addresses to variable information
        self.variables = [
            Variable(0x2000, False, False, [0x02], "", 0, "equipment_internal_over_temperature", "Equipment internal over temperature",
                lambda x: ["Normal", "Over temperature"][x]),
            Variable(0x200C, False, False, [0x02], "", 0, "day_or_night", "Day or night",
                lambda x: ["Day", "Night"][x]),

        ] + self._get_functional_status_registers([0x04], 0x3011) + [

            Variable(0x3015, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "lvd_min_setting_value", "Low voltage detect min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3016, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "lvd_max_setting_value", "Low voltage detect max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3017, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "lvd_default_setting_value", "Low voltage detect default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3018, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "lvr_min_setting_value", "Low voltage recovery min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3019, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "lvr_max_setting_value", "Low voltage recovery max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x301A, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "lvr_default_setting_value", "Low voltage recovery default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x301B, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvt_min_setting_value", "Charge target voltage min setting value for Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x301C, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvt_max_setting_value", "Charge target voltage max setting value for Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x301D, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvt_default_setting_value", "Charge target voltage default setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x301E, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvr_min_setting_value", "Charge recovery voltage min setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x301F, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvr_max_setting_value", "Charge recovery voltage max setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x3020, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvr_default_setting_value", "Charge recovery voltage default setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x3021, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "day_night_threshold_voltage_min", "Day/Night threshold voltage min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3022, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "day_night_threshold_voltage_max", "Day/Night threshold voltage max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3023, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "day_night_threshold_voltage_default", "Day/Night threshold voltage default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3024, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "dimming_voltage_min", "Dimming voltage min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3025, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "dimming_voltage_max", "Dimming voltage max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3026, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "dimming_voltage_default", "Dimming voltage default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3027, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "load_current_min", "Load current min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3028, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "load_current_max", "Load current max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x3029, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvt_cvr_max_dropout_voltage", "Charge target and recovery voltage max allow dropout voltage for Li-series controller", None),
            Variable(0x302A, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "cvt_cvr_min_dropout_voltage", "Charge target and recovery voltage min allow dropout voltage for Li-series controller", None),
            Variable(0x302B, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "lvd_lvr_min_dropout_voltage", "Low voltage detect and recovery min allow dropout voltage", None),
            Variable(0x302C, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "min_allow_dropout_voltage", "CVR and LVD & CVT and LVR Min allow dropout voltage", None),
            Variable(0x3030, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "equipment_id", "Equipment ID", None),
            Variable(0x3031, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "run_days", "Number of running days", None),
            Variable(0x3032, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "battery_voltage_level", "Current battery voltage level", None),

        ] + self._get_status_registers(0x3033) + [

            Variable(0x3036, False, False, [0x04], "℃", 100, "environment_temperature", "Environment temperature", None),
            Variable(0x3037, False, False, [0x04], "℃", 100, "device_built_in_temperature", "Device built-intemperature", None),
            Variable(0x3038, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "battery_empty_times", "Battery empty times", None),
            Variable(0x3039, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "battery_full_times", "Battery full times", None),
            Variable(0x303A, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "over_voltage_protection_times", "Over-voltage protection times", None),
            Variable(0x303B, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "over_current_protection_times", "Over-current protection times", None),
            Variable(0x303C, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "short_circuit_protection_times", "short-circuit protection times", None),
            Variable(0x303D, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "open_circuit_protection_times", "Open-circuit protection times", None),
            Variable(0x303E, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "hardware_protection_times", "Hardware protection times", None),
            Variable(0x303F, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "charge_over_temperature_protection_times", "Charge over-temperature protection times", None),
            Variable(0x3040, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "discharge_over_temperature_protection_times", "Discharge over-temperature protection time", None),
            Variable(0x3045, False, False, [0x04], "%", 1, "battery_percentage", "Battery remaining capacity", None),
            Variable(0x3046, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "battery_voltage", "Battery voltage", None),
            Variable(0x3047, False, True,  [0x04], "A", 100, "battery_current", "Battery current", None),
            Variable(0x3048, True,  True,  [0x04], "W", 100, "battery_power", "Battery power", None),
            Variable(0x304A, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "load_voltage", "Load voltage", None),
            Variable(0x304B, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "load_current", "Load current", None),
            Variable(0x304C, True,  False, [0x04], "W", 100, "load_power", "Load power", None),
            Variable(0x304E, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "solar_panel_voltage", "Solar panel voltage", None),
            Variable(0x304F, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "solar_panel_current", "Solar panel current", None),
            Variable(0x3050, True,  False, [0x04], "W", 100, "solar_panel_power", "Solar panel power", None),
            Variable(0x3052, False, False, [0x04], "kWh", 100, "solar_panel_daily_energy", "The charging capacity of the day", None),
            Variable(0x3053, True,  False, [0x04], "kWh", 100, "solar_panel_total_energy", "Total charging capacity", None),
            Variable(0x3055, True,  False, [0x04], "kWh", 100, "load_daily_energy", "The electricity consumption of the day", None),
            Variable(0x3056, True,  False, [0x04], "kWh", 100, "load_total_energy", "Total electricity consumption", None),
            Variable(0x3058, False, False, [0x04], "Min", 0, "total_light_time_during_the_day", "Total light time during the day", None),
            Variable(0x309D, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "run_days", "The number of running days", None),
            Variable(0x30A0, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "battery_voltage", "Battery voltage", None),
            Variable(0x30A1, False, True,  [0x04], "A", 100, "battery_current", "Battery current", None),
            Variable(0x30A2, False, False, [0x04], "℃", 100, "environment_temperature", "Environment temperature", None),

        ] + self._get_status_registers(0x30A3) + [

            Variable(0x30A6, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "battery_empty_times", "Battery empty times", None),
            Variable(0x30A7, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "battery_full_times", "Battery full times", None),
            Variable(0x30A8, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "battery_daily_voltage_maximum", "The highest battery voltage today", None),
            Variable(0x30A9, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "battery_daily_voltage_minimum", "The lowest battery voltage today", None),
            Variable(0x3125, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "load_voltage", "Load voltage", None),
            Variable(0x3126, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "load_current", "Load current", None),
            Variable(0x3127, True,  False, [0x04], "W", 100, "load_power", "Load power", None),
            Variable(0x3129, False, False, [0x04], "kWh", 100, "load_daily_energy", "The electricity consumption of the day", None),
            Variable(0x312E, True,  False, [0x04], "kWh", 100, "load_total_energy", "Total electricity consumption", None),
            Variable(0x316C, False, False, [0x04], "", 0, "run_days", "The number of running days", None),
            
            # Factory settings
            Variable(0x3000, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "solar_panel_rated_voltage", "Solar panel rated voltage", None),
            Variable(0x3001, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "solar_panel_rated_current", "Solar panel rated current", None),
            Variable(0x3002, True,  False, [0x04], "W", 100, "solar_panel_rated_power", "Solar panel rated power", None),
            Variable(0x3004, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "battery_rated_voltage", "Battery rated voltage", None),
            Variable(0x3005, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "battery_rated_current", "Battery rated current", None),
            Variable(0x3006, True,  False, [0x04], "W", 100, "battery_rated_power", "Battery rated power", None),
            Variable(0x3008, False, False, [0x04], "V", 100, "load_rated_voltage", "Load rated voltage", None),
            Variable(0x3009, False, False, [0x04], "A", 100, "load_rated_current", "Load rated current", None),
            Variable(0x300A, True,  False, [0x04], "W", 100, "load_rated_power", "Load rated power", None),

        ] + self._get_functional_status_registers([0x03], 0x8FF0) + [

            Variable(0x8FF4, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "lvd_min_setting_value", "Low voltage detect min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x8FF5, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "lvd_max_setting_value", "Low voltage detect max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x8FF6, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "lvd_default_setting_value", "Low voltage detect default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x8FF7, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "lvr_min_setting_value", "Low voltage recovery min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x8FF8, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "lvr_max_setting_value", "Low voltage recovery max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x8FF9, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "lvr_default_setting_value", "Low voltage recovery default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x8FFA, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvt_min_setting_value", "Charge target voltage min setting value for Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x8FFB, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvt_max_setting_value", "Charge target voltage max setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x8FFC, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvt_default_setting_value", "Charge target voltage default setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x8FFD, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvr_min_setting_value", "Charge recovery voltage min setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x8FFE, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvr_max_setting_value", "Charge recovery voltage max setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x8FFF, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvr_default_setting_value", "Charge recovery voltage default setting value Li Series controller", None),
            Variable(0x9000, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "day_night_threshold_voltage_min", "Day/Night threshold voltage min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x9001, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "day_night_threshold_voltage_max", "Day/Night threshold voltage max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x9002, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "day_night_threshold_voltage_default", "Day/Night threshold voltage default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x9003, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "dimming_voltage_min", "Dimming voltage min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x9004, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "dimming_voltage_max", "Dimming voltage max setting value", None),
            Variable(0x9005, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "dimming_voltage_default", "Dimming voltage default setting value", None),
            Variable(0x9006, False, False, [0x03], "A", 100, "load_current_min", "Load current min setting value", None),
            Variable(0x9007, False, False, [0x03], "A", 100, "load_current_max", "Load current max setting value", None),

            Variable(0x9008, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "battery_voltage_level", "Current battery voltage level", None),
            Variable(0x9009, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvt_cvr_max_dropout_voltage", "Charge target and recovery voltage max allow dropout voltage for Li-series controller", None),
            Variable(0x900A, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "cvt_cvr_min_dropout_voltage", "Charge target and recovery voltage min allow dropout voltage for Li-series controller", None),
            Variable(0x900B, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "lvd_lvr_min_dropout_voltage", "Low voltage detect and recovery min allow dropout voltage", None),
            Variable(0x900C, False, False, [0x03], "V", 100, "min_allow_dropout_voltage", "CVR and LVD & CVT and LVR Min allow dropout voltage", None),

            Variable(0x9017, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "ss", 0, "real_time_clock_second", "Real-time clock second", None),
            Variable(0x9018, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "mm", 0, "real_time_clock_minute", "Real-time clock minute", None),
            Variable(0x9019, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "hh", 0, "real_time_clock_hour", "Real-time clock hour", None),
            Variable(0x901A, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "dd", 0, "real_time_clock_day", "Real-time clock day", None),
            Variable(0x901B, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "MM", 0, "real_time_clock_month", "Real-time clock month", None),
            Variable(0x901C, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "yy", 0, "real_time_clock_year", "Real-time clock year (00-99)", None),
            Variable(0x901D, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "baud_rate", "Baud rate",
                lambda x: [4800, 9600, 19200, 57600, 115200][x & 0xF]),
            Variable(0x901E, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "s", 0, "backlight_time", "Backlight time", None),
            Variable(0x901F, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "device_password", "Device password",
                lambda x: str(max((x>>12) & 0xF, 9)) + 
                          str(max((x>> 8) & 0xF, 9)) + 
                          str(max((x>> 4) & 0xF, 9)) + 
                          str(max((x>> 0) & 0xF, 9))),
            Variable(0x9020, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "slave_id", "Slave ID", None),
            Variable(0x9021, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "battery_type", "Battery type",
                lambda x: ["Lithium", "Liquid", "GEL", "AGM"][(x >>  0) & 0xF]),
            Variable(0x9022, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "low_voltage_protection_voltage", "Low voltage protection",  None),
            Variable(0x9023, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "low_voltage_recovery_voltage", "Low voltage recovery", None),
            Variable(0x9024, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "boost_voltage", "Boost voltage", None),
            Variable(0x9025, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "equalizing_voltage", "Equalizing voltage", None),
            Variable(0x9026, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "float_voltage", "Float voltage", None),
            Variable(0x9027, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "system_rated_voltage_level", "System rated voltage level",
                lambda x: ["Auto", "12V", "24V", "36V", "48V", "60V", "110V", "120V", "220V", "240V"][x]),
            Variable(0x9028, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "charge_target_voltage_for_lithium", "Charge target voltage for lithium", None),
            Variable(0x9029, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "charge_recovery_voltage_for_lithium", "Charge recovery voltage for lithium", None),
            Variable(0x902A, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "charging_at_zero_celsius", "0°C charging",
                lambda x: ["Normal charging", "No charging", "Slow charging"][x & 0xF]),
            Variable(0x902B, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "mt_series_load_mode", "Load mode for MT series controller",
                lambda x: (["Always on", "Dusk to dawn"] + 
                           [f"Night light on time {n} hours" for n in range(2, 10)] + 
                           ["Manual", "T0T", "Timing switch"])[x]),
            Variable(0x902C, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "mt_series_manual_control_default", "MT Series manual control mode default setting",
                lambda x: ["On", "Off"][x]),
            Variable(0x902D, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 0, "mt_series_timing_period_1", "MT Series timing opening period 1",
                lambda x: ((x >> 8) & 0xFF) * 60 + max(x & 0xFF, 59)),
            Variable(0x902E, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "mt_series_timing_period_2", "MT Series timing opening period 2",
                lambda x: ((x >> 8) & 0xFF) * 60 + max(x & 0xFF, 59)),
            Variable(0x902F, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "sec", 0, "timed_start_time_1_seconds", "Timed start time 1-seconds", None),
            Variable(0x9030, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 0, "timed_start_time_1_minutes", "Timed start time 1-minute", None),
            Variable(0x9031, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "hour", 0, "timed_start_time_1_hours", "Timed start time 1-hour", None),
            Variable(0x9032, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "sec", 0, "timed_off_time_1_seconds", "Timed off time 1-seconds", None),
            Variable(0x9033, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 0, "timed_off_time_1_minutes", "Timed off time 1-minute", None),
            Variable(0x9034, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "hour", 0, "timed_off_time_1_hours", "Timed off time 1-hour", None),
            Variable(0x9035, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "sec", 0, "timed_start_time_2_seconds", "Timed start time 2-seconds", None),
            Variable(0x9036, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 0, "timed_start_time_2_minutes", "Timed start time 2-minute", None),
            Variable(0x9037, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "hour", 0, "timed_start_time_2_hours", "Timed start time 2-hour", None),
            Variable(0x9038, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "sec", 0, "timed_off_time_2_seconds", "Timed off time 2-seconds", None),
            Variable(0x9039, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 0, "timed_off_time_2_minutes", "Timed off time 2-minute", None),
            Variable(0x903A, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "hour", 0, "timed_off_time_2_hours", "Timed off time 2-hour", None),
            Variable(0x903B, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "time_control_period_selection", "Time control period selection",
                lambda x: ["1 period", "2 periods"][x]),
            Variable(0x903C, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "light_controlled_dark_voltage", "Light controlled dark voltage", None),
            Variable(0x903D, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 0, "day_night_delay_time", "Day/Night delay time", None),
            Variable(0x903E, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "dc_series_timing_control_time_1_dimming", "DC series timing control time 1 dimming", None),
            Variable(0x903F, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "dc_series_timing_control_time_2_dimming", "DC series timing control time 2 dimming", None),
            Variable(0x9040, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 1.0/30, "dc_series_time_1", "DC Series time 1", None),
            Variable(0x9041, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "dc_series_time_1_dimming", "DC Series the time 1 dimming", None),
            Variable(0x9042, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Min", 1.0/30, "dc_series_time_2", "DC Series time 2", None),
            Variable(0x9043, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "dc_series_time_2_dimming", "DC Series the time 2 dimming", None),
            Variable(0x9044, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Sec", 1.0/30, "dc_series_time_3", "DC Series time 3", None),
            Variable(0x9045, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "dc_series_time_3_dimming", "DC Series the time 3 dimming", None),
            Variable(0x9046, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Sec", 1.0/30, "dc_series_time_4", "DC Series time 4", None),
            Variable(0x9047, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "dc_series_time_4_dimming", "DC Series the time 4 dimming", None),
            Variable(0x9048, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Sec", 1.0/30, "dc_series_time_5", "DC Series time 5", None),
            Variable(0x9049, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "dc_series_time_5_dimming", "DC Series the time 5 dimming", None),
            Variable(0x904A, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "A", 100, "dc_series_load_current_limit", "DC Series load current limit", None),
            Variable(0x904B, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "dc_series_auto_dimming", "DC Series auto dimming",
                lambda x: ["Auto dimming", "365 mode", "No dimming", "No dimming"][x & 0xF]),
            Variable(0x904C, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "dc_series_dimming_voltage", "DC Series dimming voltage", None),
            Variable(0x904D, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0, "dc_series_dimming_percentage", "DC Series dimming percentage", None),
            Variable(0x904E, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "Sec", 0.1, "sensing_delay_off_time", "Sensing delay off time", None),
            Variable(0x904F, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0.1, "infrared_dimming_when_no_people", "Dimming of Infrared Series controller when no people", None),
            Variable(0x9052, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "", 0, "light_controlled_switch", "Light controlled switch",
                lambda x: ["Off", "On"][x]),
            Variable(0x9053, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "V", 100, "light_controlled_daybreak_voltage", "Light-control led daybreak voltage", None),
            Variable(0x9054, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "%", 0, "dimming_percentage", "Dimming percentage for load test", None),
            Variable(0x9069, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "A", 100, "maximum_charging_current_setting", "Maximum charging current setting", None),
            Variable(0x906A, False, False, [0x03, 0x06, 0x10], "℃", 100, "over_temperature_protection", "Over temperature protection", None),

            Variable(0x0000, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "manual_control_switch", "Manual control switch", 
                lambda x: ["Off", "On"][x]),
            Variable(0x0001, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "test_key_trigger", "Test key on/off", 
                lambda x: ["Off", "On"][x]),
            Variable(0x0002, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "dc_series_timing_control_mode_switch", "DC Series timing control mode switch", 
                lambda x: ["Off", "On"][x]),
            Variable(0x0003, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "manual_control_charging_switch", "Manual control charging switch", 
                lambda x: ["Off", "On"][x]),
            Variable(0x0004, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "manual_control_switch", "Manual control switch", 
                lambda x: ["Off", "On"][x]),
            Variable(0x0005, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "restore_system_default_values", "Restore system default values", 
                lambda x: ["No", "Yes"][x]),
            Variable(0x0006, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "clear_device_statistics", "Clear running days, Power generation or consumption WH and historical minimum/maximum voltage", 
                lambda x: ["", "Clear"][x]),
            Variable(0x0007, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "clear_counters", "Clear all protection and fully charged times", 
                lambda x: ["", "Clear"][x]),
            Variable(0x0008, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "Clear_charge_discharge_ah", "Clear charge/discharge AH", 
                lambda x: ["", "Clear"][x]),
            Variable(0x0009, False, False, [0x05], "", 0, "clear_all", "Clear all of the above historical data", 
                lambda x: ["", "Clear"][x]),
        ]

    def bytes_to_value(self, variable: Variable, buffer: bytes, offset: int) -> Value:
        if variable.is_32_bit and variable.is_signed:
            raw_value = struct.unpack_from(">H", buffer, offset)[0] | struct.unpack_from(">h", buffer, offset + 2)[0] << 16
        elif variable.is_32_bit:
            raw_value = struct.unpack_from(">H", buffer, offset)[0] | struct.unpack_from(">H", buffer, offset + 2)[0] << 16
        elif variable.is_signed:
            raw_value = struct.unpack_from(">h", buffer, offset)[0]
        else:
            raw_value = struct.unpack_from(">H", buffer, offset)[0]

        if variable.multiplier:
            value = raw_value / variable.multiplier
        elif variable.func:
            try:
                value = variable.func(raw_value)
            except IndexError as e:
                raise Exception(f"unexpected value for {variable.name} ({hex(variable.address)}): '{raw_value}'")
        else:
            value = raw_value
        return value

    def value_to_bytes(self, variable: Variable, buffer: bytearray, offset: int, value: Value) -> int:
        if variable.multiplier:
            raw_value = round(float(value) * variable.multiplier)
        elif variable.func:
            raw_value = self._find_raw_value_by_brute_force(variable, value)
            if raw_value == None:
                raise Exception(f"invalid value for {variable.name}: '{value}'")
        else:
            raw_value = int(value)

        if variable.is_32_bit and variable.is_signed:
            struct.pack_into(">H", buffer, offset, raw_value & 0xFFFF)
            struct.pack_into(">h", buffer, offset + 2, raw_value >> 16)
        elif variable.is_32_bit:
            struct.pack_into(">H", buffer, offset, raw_value & 0xFFFF)
            struct.pack_into(">H", buffer, offset + 2, raw_value >> 16)
        elif variable.is_signed:
            struct.pack_into(">h", buffer, offset, raw_value)
        else:
            struct.pack_into(">H", buffer, offset, raw_value)

        length = 4 if variable.is_32_bit else 2
        return offset + length

    def get_read_command(self, device_id: int, start_address: int, count: int) -> bytes:
        variables = [v for v in self.variables if v.address >= start_address and v.address < start_address + count]
        if not variables:
            raise Exception(f"the range {hex(start_address)}-{hex(start_address+count-1)} contains no variables")
        
        function_code = variables[0].function_codes[0]
        if not all(function_code in v.function_codes for v in variables):
            raise Exception(f"the range {hex(start_address)}-{hex(start_address+count-1)} spans multiple function codes")

        result = bytes([
            device_id, 
            function_code,
            start_address >> 8,
            start_address & 0xFF,
            count >> 8,
            count & 0xFF
        ])
        return result + crc16(result)

    def get_write_command(self, device_id: int, values: list[(Variable, Any)]) -> bytes:
        if not values:
            raise Exception(f"values list is empty")
        values.sort(key=lambda x: x[0].address)
        address = values[0][0].address
        for variable, value in values:
            if value is None:
                raise Exception(f"value of {variable.name} ({hex(variable.address)}) is empty")
            if address < variable.address:
                raise Exception(f"variables are not continuous at {hex(variable.address)}")
            address = variable.address + (2 if variable.is_32_bit else 1)

        start_variable = values[0][0]
        end_variable = values[-1][0]
        start_address = start_variable.address
        end_address = end_variable.address + (1 if end_variable.is_32_bit else 0)
        count = end_address - start_address + 1
        byte_count = count * 2
        if byte_count > 255:
            raise Exception(f"address range is too large")

        if count > 1:
            function_code = FunctionCodes.WRITE_MEMORY_RANGE
            header = bytes([
                device_id,
                function_code.value,
                start_address >> 8,
                start_address & 0xFF,
                count >> 8,
                count & 0xFF,
                byte_count,
            ])
        else:
            if FunctionCodes.WRITE_STATUS_REGISTER.value in values[0][0].function_codes:
                function_code = FunctionCodes.WRITE_STATUS_REGISTER
            else:
                function_code = FunctionCodes.WRITE_MEMORY_SINGLE
            header = bytes([
                device_id,
                function_code.value,
                start_address >> 8,
                start_address & 0xFF,
            ])

        if not all(function_code.value in x[0].function_codes for x in values):
            raise Exception(f"function code {function_code.name} is not supported for all addresses")

        data = bytearray(byte_count)
        for variable, value in values:
            offset = (variable.address - start_address) * 2
            self.value_to_bytes(variable, data, offset, value)

        result = header + bytes(data)
        return result + crc16(result)



    def parse(self, start_address: int, buffer: bytes) -> list[(Variable, Value)]:
        device_id = buffer[0]
        function_code = FunctionCodes(buffer[1])
        if function_code in [FunctionCodes.READ_MEMORY, FunctionCodes.READ_PARAMETER, FunctionCodes.READ_STATUS_REGISTER]:
            data_length = buffer[2]
            received_crc = buffer[3+data_length:3+data_length+2]
            calculated_crc = crc16(buffer[:3+data_length])
            if received_crc != calculated_crc:
                raise Exception(f"CRC mismatch ({calculated_crc} != {received_crc})")

            results = []
            address = start_address
            cursor = 3
            while cursor < data_length + 3:
                variables = [v for v in self.variables if address == v.address and function_code.value in v.function_codes]
                for variable in variables:
                    value = self.bytes_to_value(variable, buffer, cursor)
                    results.append((variable, value))
                cursor += 2
                address += 1

            return results
        else:
            address = struct.unpack_from('>H', buffer, 2)[0]
            if address != start_address:
                raise Exception(f"Write result address mismatch ({hex(address)} != {hex(start_address)})")
            received_crc = buffer[6:8]
            calculated_crc = crc16(buffer[:6])
            if received_crc != calculated_crc:
                raise Exception(f"CRC mismatch ({calculated_crc} != {received_crc})")
            return []

    def _find_raw_value_by_brute_force(self, variable: Variable, value):
        n_bits = 32 if variable.is_32_bit else 16
        if variable.is_signed:
            for i in range(0, 2**(n_bits-1) + 1):
                try:
                    if variable.func(i) == value:
                        return i
                except IndexError:
                    pass
            for i in range(0, -2**(n_bits-1) - 2, -1):
                try:
                    if variable.func(i) == value:
                        return i
                except IndexError:
                    pass
        else:
            for i in range(0, 2**n_bits + 1):
                try:
                    if variable.func(i) == value:
                        return i
                except IndexError:
                    pass
        return None